Smoking as a Risk Factor for Surgical Site Complications in Implant-Based Breast Surgery

Background Smoking is a cause of many postoperative complications, including delayed wound healing, tissue necrosis, and reconstructive flap loss. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based guidelines for smoking cessation in patients undergoing implant-based breast surgery. Objective The objective of this study was to determine if smoking is associated with wound dehiscence or superficial/deep surgical site infection (SSI) in women undergoing implant-based breast surgery. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, data was obtained of U.S. adult females (n=10,077) between the ages of 18 and 70 who underwent insertion of a breast prosthesis from 2014 to 2016. The patient's preoperative smoking status, demographics, and comorbidities were analyzed to determine association with wound dehiscence, superficial SSI, and deep SSI. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Patients who smoked had a statistically significant higher proportion of wound complications (2.4%) compared to non-smokers (1.3%; p Conclusions Our study suggests that smoking is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in patients undergoing implant-based breast surgery. These results have significant clinical implications, as increased precautions can be taken in smokers undergoing breast surgery to minimize postoperative wound complications. Future studies may determine the optimal amount of time that patients should abstain from smoking prior to implant-based breast surgery.Peer reviewe

Smoking as a Risk Factor for Surgical Site Complications in Implant-Based Breast Surgery

Background Smoking is a cause of many postoperative complications, including delayed wound healing, tissue necrosis, and reconstructive flap loss. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based guidelines for smoking cessation in patients undergoing implant-based breast surgery. Objective The objective of this study was to determine if smoking is associated with wound dehiscence or superficial/deep surgical site infection (SSI) in women undergoing implant-based breast surgery. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, data was obtained of U.S. adult females (n=10,077) between the ages of 18 and 70 who underwent insertion of a breast prosthesis from 2014 to 2016. The patient's preoperative smoking status, demographics, and comorbidities were analyzed to determine association with wound dehiscence, superficial SSI, and deep SSI. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Patients who smoked had a statistically significant higher proportion of wound complications (2.4%) compared to non-smokers (1.3%; p Conclusions Our study suggests that smoking is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in patients undergoing implant-based breast surgery. These results have significant clinical implications, as increased precautions can be taken in smokers undergoing breast surgery to minimize postoperative wound complications. Future studies may determine the optimal amount of time that patients should abstain from smoking prior to implant-based breast surgery.Peer reviewe

Pitfalls in spontaneous in vitro transformation of human mesenchymal stem cells

Spontaneous in vitro transformation of human primary cells was, and continues to be, a scarcely described phenomenon. Only the description of the generation of the HaCAT cell line [1] is a canonical example, worldwide accepted. More recent examples included the emergence of tumorogenic populations upon in vitro culture of fetal human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), induced by GM-CSF and IL-4, [2] and bone marrow hMSC [3]. Other examples have also been reported after very long-term in vitro culture of telomerized hMSCTerT [4]. In this scenario, our previous results [5-7] were only a new observation to be added to this list. Only very recently similar results have been published [8], reporting spontaneous malignant transformation in 46 % of bone marrow–derived hMSC long-term cultures (5–106 weeks). However, other authors reported opposite results.S

Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Resonance and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

We present here an experimental set-up to perform simultaneously measurements of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in a synchrotron beamline. The system allows measuring in situ and in real time the effect of X-ray irradiation on the SPR curves to explore the interaction of X-rays with matter. It is also possible to record XAS spectra while exciting SPR in order to detect the changes in the electronic configuration of thin films induced by the excitation of surface plasmons. Combined experiments recording simultaneously SPR and XAS curves while scanning different parameters can be carried out. The relative variations in the SPR and XAS spectra that can be detected with this set-up ranges from 10-3 to 10-5, depending on the particular experiment

IFCP Riemann solver: Application to tsunami modelling using GPUs

In this work, we present a simplified two-layer model of Savage-Hutter type to simulate tsunamis generated by landslides (see (Fern´andez et al. 2008)). A layer composed of fluidized granular material is assumed to flow within an upper layer composed of an inviscid fluid (e.g. water). The sediment layer ismodelled by a Savage-Hutter type model where buoyancy effects have been considered. The system is discretized using IFCP finite volume scheme. The first order IFCP scheme was introduced in (Fern´andez et al. 2011) and it is constructed by using a suitable decomposition of a Roe matrix by means of a parabolic viscosity matrix, that captures information of the intermediate fields (Intermediate Field Capturing Parabola). Its extension to high order and two-dimensional domains is straightforward. To conclude, some numerical examples are presente

A first approach to the Paleoentomology present in the Quaternarian sites of Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): the subfossil oribatid fauna (Acari, Oribatida)

8 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas.[ES] Los yacimientos cuaternarios de la Sierra de Atapuerca ofrecen interés mundial por haber hospedado varias especies de homínidos que vivieron en el último millón de años. En este contexto, durante la campaña de excavaciones de 2003 se realizó un muestreo puntual en algunos de sus yacimientos para obtener los primeros datos de restos de artrópodos que pudieran conservarse en los mismos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de ácaros subfósiles pertenecientes al suborden de los oribátidos (Acari, Oribatida). Después de procesar los sedimentos, se obtuvieron un total de 7 individuos en el conjunto de los yacimientos muestreados, de los cuales 6 aparecieron en Gran Dolina en un nivel con datación en torno a los 300.000 años. Los ejemplares, identificados en su mayoría a nivel taxonómico de especie, pertenecen a las familias Cosmochthoniidae, Scheloribatidae, Oribatulidae y Hemileiidae. Dado el conocimiento que se dispone de la biología de los taxones encontrados, que pertenecen a géneros y especies presentes en la actualidad, se han realizado inferencias sobre los ambientes pretéritos en que los animales vivieron.[EN] The Atapuerca Quaternarian sites are of worldwide interest due to the presence of human remains belonging to the last million years. The oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) found in several archaeological samples extracted from the Atapuerca Quaternarian deposits, have been analyzed during the 2003 excavation campaign to study the Palaeoentomology of the site. The oribatid mite fauna consists of 7 individuals, 6 of which were obtained from Gran Dolina site (about 300.000 years old) and belong to families Cosmochthoniidae, Scheloribatidae, Oribatulidae and Hemileiidae. Most of the taxa were identified to species level. The results obtained were used as a basis to reconstruct the paleo-environments of the site in correspondence with the biological and ecological preferences of the taxa.Las investigaciones entomológicas de Atapuerca se realizaron dentro del Proyecto BOS2003-08938-C03-02.Peer reviewe

Detection of an optical transient following the 13 March 2000 short/hard gamma-ray burst

We imaged the error box of a gamma-ray burst of the short (0.5 s), hard type (GRB 000313), with the BOOTES-1 experiment in southern Spain, starting 4 min after the gamma-ray event, in the I-band. A bright optical transient (OT 000313) with I = 9.4 +/- 0.1 was found in the BOOTES-1 image, close to the error box (3-sigma) provided by BATSE. Late time VRIK'-band deep observations failed to reveal an underlying host galaxy. If the OT 000313 is related to the short, hard GRB 000313, this would be the first optical counterpart ever found for this kind of events (all counterparts to date have been found for bursts of the long, soft type). The fact that only prompt optical emission has been detected (but no afterglow emission at all, as supported by theoretical models) might explain why no optical counterparts have ever been found for short, hard GRBs.This fact suggests that most short bursts might occur in a low-density medium and favours the models that relate them to binary mergers in very low-density enviroments.Comment: Revised version. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters, 5 pages, 3 figure

Radial and tangential migration of telencephalic somatostatin neurons originated from the mouse diagonal area

The telencephalic subpallium is the source of various GABAergic interneuron cohorts that invade the pallium via tangential migration. Based on genoarchitectonic studies, the subpallium has been subdivided into four major domains: striatum, pallidum, diagonal area and preoptic area (Puelles et al. 2013; Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas), and a larger set of molecularly distinct progenitor areas (Flames et al. 2007). Fate mapping, genetic lineage-tracing studies, and other approaches have suggested that each subpallial subdivision produces specific sorts of inhibitory interneurons, distinguished by differential peptidic content, which are distributed tangentially to pallial and subpallial target territories (e.g., olfactory bulb, isocortex, hippocampus, pallial and subpallial amygdala, striatum, pallidum, septum). In this report, we map descriptively the early differentiation and apparent migratory dispersion of mouse subpallial somatostatin-expressing (Sst) cells from E10.5 onward, comparing their topography with the expression patterns of the genes Dlx5, Gbx2, Lhx7-8, Nkx2.1, Nkx5.1 (Hmx3), and Shh, which variously label parts of the subpallium. Whereas some experimental results suggest that Sst cells are pallidal, our data reveal that many, if not most, telencephalic Sst cells derive from de diagonal area (Dg). Sst-positive cells initially only present at the embryonic Dg selectively populate radially the medial part of the bed nucleus striae terminalis (from paraseptal to amygdaloid regions) and part of the central amygdala; they also invade tangentially the striatum, while eschewing the globus pallidum and the preoptic area, and integrate within most cortical and nuclear pallial areas between E10.5 and E16.5.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant BFU2008-04156, and SENECA Foundation contract 0458/GERM/06-10891 to L.P.; and the Local Government of Castilla-La Mancha grant PII1I09-0065-8194 to C.D. Infrastructure support provided by the University of Murcia and Castilla-La Mancha is also acknowledged

The association between social determinants of health and self-reported diabetic retinopathy: An exploratory analysis

One-third of Americans with diabetes will develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in working-age Americans. Social determinants of health (SDOHs) are conditions in a person’s environment that may impact health. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between SDOHs and DR in patients with type II diabetes. This cross-section study used data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This study included people with self-reported diabetes in the US in 2018 (n = 60,703). Exposure variables included homeownership, marital status, income, health care coverage, completed level of educa-tion, and urban vs. rural environment. The outcome variable was DR. Logistic regression analysis were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Alaskan Native/Na-tive American (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14–3.90), out of work (OR 2.82; 95% CI: 1.62–4.92), unable to work (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.57–2.91), did not graduate high school (OR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.30–2.79), only gradu-ated high school (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.08–1.97), or only attended college or technical school without graduating (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09–1.86) were SDOHs associated with DR in patients with diabetes. Health care providers should identify these possible SDOHs affecting their diabetic patients

Health care costs of copd in Colombia

Describe the average age of sexual life onset from young people and adolescents, the prevalence of contraceptive methods and explore determinants of pregnancy. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. For the social determinants of pregnancy, a multivariate probit model was estimated using as explanatory variables, housing area, education, family functionality and sexual behavior. 10.3% of women and 14.1% of men had their first sexual encounter before age 14 and 43.5% of women and 37.4% of men began their sex life after age 17. From the young people who claimed to have started their sexual life, 70.9% of the men made use of the condom as a contraceptive method, while the women divided on average 27.2% for the pills and / or injections followed by 16 , 1% in the use of the subdermal implant. As determinants of pregnancy in young people under 20, it was found that variables such as suspending school years [Yes (β = 0.6, p = 0.006)], being planned with hormonal method [Yes (β = 0.5, p = 0.000)] or start sexual life [Between 10 to 14 years (β = 0.14, p = 0.000)], increase the likelihood of young women becoming pregnant at some time in their life. These results also showed that the schooling of the young [University (β = -0.4, p = 0.038)] and always use condoms in sexual intercourse [Yes (β = -0.5, p = 0.042)] help prevent the pregnancy event from occurring. The age of sexual onset establishes a basis on which decision makers should intervene for promote a safe sex life, from use of anticonceptives in young people and thus avoiding unplanned pregnancy